Industrial decarbonization is a daunting challenge given the relative lack of low-carbon technology options available for activities such as chemicals production, high-temperature processing, long-haul transport and heavy-duty transport. Hydrogen, however, offers a potential solution for industrial decarbonization given that it is a diverse energy vector that can be produced via low-carbon means and subsequently used for multiple industrial applications. Despite the significant potential for low-carbon hydrogen, however, challenges exist for its production and utilization.